1.
Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 SP2
are the same operating system, just at a different service pack level (Windows
Server 2008 started at the SP1 level because it was released quite a bit after
Windows Vista and SP1 was already out).
2.
Windows Server 2008 R2 is the server release of
Windows 7, so it's version 6.1 of the O.S.; it introduces quite a lot of new
features
3.
There are also differences at the GUI level,
because WS2008R2 uses the same new GUI introduced with Windows 7 (new taskbar,
etc.)
4.
The single most important point: Windows Server
2008 R2 exists only for 64-bit platforms, there's no x86 version anymore.
5.
Windows Server 2008 is based on the WindowsNT
6.0 service pack 1 kernel. Because of this the first service pack was Service
pack 2 (Windows Server 2008 SP2). Windows Server 2008 R2 is also based on the
WindowsNT 6.1 Kernel (It is akin to Windows 7 much like Server 2008 is akin to
Vista) with some expanded features and capabilities.
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